What is a carbon monoxide alarm?

A carbon monoxide alarm is an accessory that detects the presence of carbon monoxide gas and alerts users, typically through an audible sound, but not always. Carbon monoxide is an odourless, tasteless, toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels such as gas, oil and wood. Mild poisoning can result in headaches and flu-like symptoms, whereas higher concentrations can result in collapse, coma, or death. 

These regulations apply to England, Wales, and Ireland. The regulations have been in effect in Scotland since February of this year.

When do these new regulations come into place?

On October 1, 2022, the Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (Amendment) Regulations 2022 will go into effect. From that date forward, all applicable landlords must: 

  • Ensure their property has at least one smoke alarm installed on each level of their home where there is living space. Since 2015, this has been a legal requirement in the private rental sector.
  • Ensure that a carbon monoxide alarm is installed in any living space that contains a fixed combustion appliance (excluding gas cookers).
  • Ensure that faulty smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms are repaired or replaced upon notification and discovery. 

When a landlord fails to comply with a remedial notice, local authorities have the authority to impose a fine of up to £5,000. This publication explains the requirements, who they apply to, and how they are implemented. 

These methods should be considered in conjunction with other applicable laws regarding fire and carbon monoxide safety in rented homes, such as the Housing Act of 2004, the Fire Safety Act of 2021, and the Building Safety Act of 2022.

What type of smoke detector is required?

The methods do not specify the type of alarms that must be installed, such as mains-powered or battery-powered devices. It is recommended that landlords select smoke alarms that are compliant with British Standard BS 5839-6 based on the demands of their building and their tenants. When selecting battery-powered alarms, it is preferable to choose alarms with “sealed for life” batteries rather than alarms with replaceable batteries.

Where must smoke detectors be installed?

The regulations do not specify the location of the alarms. At least one smoke alarm should be installed on each floor containing living quarters. Landlords must adhere to the specific manufacturer’s instructions when installing the alarms. However, smoke detectors should be mounted to the ceiling in circulation, such as in a hallway or landing. 

Where should carbon monoxide alarms be installed?

The regulations do not specify the location of the alarms. Carbon monoxide alarms should be installed in every room containing a fixed combustion appliance used as living space (excluding gas cookers). Landlords must adhere to the specific manufacturer’s instructions when installing the alarms. However, carbon monoxide alarms should be installed at head height, on a wall or a shelf, approximately 1 to 3 metres from a potential carbon monoxide source. Alternatively, your local fire and rescue authority may be able to provide additional installation advice.

These regulations cover which types of housing?

Unless expressly excluded, the regulations apply to all homes rented by private landlords or registered social housing providers. In the regulations, excluded tenancies are specified in detail.

Which leases are exempt from these guidelines?

The following leases are not subject to the regulations:

  • Shared housing with the landlord or the landlord’s family
  • Long-term leases
  • Residence halls for students
  • Hotels and shelters
  • Nursing homes
  • Hospitals and nursing homes
  • Low-cost home ownership
  • Other accommodations associated with health care delivery

Does the maximum penalty of £5,000 apply per landlord or violation?

When a landlord violates, the local housing authority may issue a notice of correction. Failure to comply with each corrective notice may result in a £5,000 fine. Fines will be assessed per violation instead of per landlord or property.